vocabulary

Essential Polish Vocabulary and Phrases for Absolute Beginners

🇵🇱 Polish · for 🇺🇸 English speakers ·

Essential Polish Vocabulary for Beginners

Starting Polish can feel intimidating, but a small set of high‑frequency words and phrases will help you communicate in many everyday situations. This guide focuses on practical Polish with clear English translations and useful example sentences.

1. Basic Polish Greetings

These are the first words you will use with Polish speakers.

  • Cześć – Hi / Bye
    Example: Cześć, jak się masz? – Hi, how are you?
  • DzieĹ„ dobry – Good morning / Good afternoon (formal, used until evening)
    Example: Dzień dobry, pani Anno. – Good morning, Ms Anna.
  • Dobry wieczĂłr – Good evening
    Example: Dobry wieczór, panie Kowalski. – Good evening, Mr Kowalski.
  • Dobranoc – Good night
    Example: Dobranoc, do jutra. – Good night, see you tomorrow.

2. Introducing Yourself

Use these phrases to say who you are and where you are from. Remember: Polish has formal and informal forms of “you”.

  • Jak masz na imiÄ™? – What is your (first) name? (informal)
  • Jak ma pan na imiÄ™? – What is your name, sir? (formal, to a man)
  • Jak ma pani na imiÄ™? – What is your name, madam? (formal, to a woman)
  • Mam na imiÄ™... – My name is...
    Example: Mam na imię John. – My name is John.
  • Nazywam siÄ™... – My name is... / I am called... (more complete form)
    Example: Nazywam się John Smith. – My name is John Smith.
  • SkÄ…d jesteĹ›? – Where are you from? (informal)
  • SkÄ…d pan/pani jest? – Where are you from? (formal)
  • Jestem z... – I am from...
    Example: Jestem z Anglii. – I am from England.

3. Polite Words: Please, Thank You, Sorry

Politeness is very important in Polish culture. Learn these early.

  • ProszÄ™ – Please / Here you are / You’re welcome
    Example (please): Poproszę kawę. – Coffee, please.
    Example (here you are): Proszę, to dla ciebie. – Here you are, this is for you.
  • DziÄ™kujÄ™ – Thank you
    Example: Dziękuję za pomoc. – Thank you for your help.
  • DziÄ™ki – Thanks (informal)
    Example: Dzięki za wiadomość. – Thanks for the message.
  • Przepraszam – Sorry / Excuse me
    Example (bumping into someone): Przepraszam! – Sorry!
    Example (getting attention): Przepraszam, gdzie jest toaleta? – Excuse me, where is the toilet?
  • Nie ma za co – You’re welcome / Don’t mention it
    Example: – Dziękuję. – Thank you.
    – Nie ma za co. – You’re welcome.

4. Yes, No, and Common Reactions

  • Tak – Yes
    Example: Tak, rozumiem. – Yes, I understand.
  • Nie – No / Not
    Example: Nie, nie mówię po polsku. – No, I don’t speak Polish.
  • MoĹĽe – Maybe
    Example: Może jutro. – Maybe tomorrow.
  • OczywiĹ›cie – Of course
    Example: Oczywiście, że tak. – Of course.
  • Nie wiem – I don’t know
    Example: Nie wiem, przepraszam. – I don’t know, sorry.

5. Essential Question Phrases

Question words help you survive in any new language.

  • Co? – What?
    Example: Co to jest? – What is this?
  • Kto? – Who?
    Example: Kto to jest? – Who is this?
  • Gdzie? – Where?
    Example: Gdzie jest stacja? – Where is the station?
  • Kiedy? – When?
    Example: Kiedy przyjeżdżasz? – When are you arriving?
  • Dlaczego? – Why?
    Example: Dlaczego jesteś spóźniony? – Why are you late?
  • Jak? – How?
    Example: Jak to się mówi po polsku? – How do you say this in Polish?
  • Ile? – How much? / How many?
    Example: Ile to kosztuje? – How much does it cost?

6. Survival Phrases for Learners

These phrases are especially useful when your Polish is limited.

  • Nie rozumiem – I don’t understand
    Example: Przepraszam, nie rozumiem. – Sorry, I don’t understand.
  • ProszÄ™ powtĂłrzyć – Please repeat
    Example: Proszę powtórzyć wolniej. – Please repeat more slowly.
  • ProszÄ™ mĂłwić wolniej – Please speak more slowly
  • MĂłwiÄ™ trochÄ™ po polsku – I speak a little Polish
  • Nie mĂłwiÄ™ po polsku – I don’t speak Polish
  • Czy mĂłwisz po angielsku? – Do you speak English? (informal)
  • Czy mĂłwi pan/pani po angielsku? – Do you speak English? (formal)
  • Co to znaczy? – What does it mean?
  • Jak to siÄ™ pisze? – How do you spell it?

7. Numbers 1–10 in Polish

Numbers are essential for shopping, time, and dates.

  1. jeden – one
  2. dwa – two
  3. trzy – three
  4. cztery – four
  5. pięć – five
  6. sześć – six
  7. siedem – seven
  8. osiem – eight
  9. dziewięć – nine
  10. dziesięć – ten

Example: Poproszę dwa bilety. – Two tickets, please.

8. Days of the Week

  • poniedziaĹ‚ek – Monday
  • wtorek – Tuesday
  • Ĺ›roda – Wednesday
  • czwartek – Thursday
  • piÄ…tek – Friday
  • sobota – Saturday
  • niedziela – Sunday

Example: Spotkajmy się w piątek. – Let’s meet on Friday.

9. Useful Verbs for Everyday Situations

Learn the basic forms first. You can start with simple "I" forms.

  • być – to be
    Jestem – I am
    Example: Jestem zmęczony. – I am tired. (said by a man)
    Jestem zmęczona. – I am tired. (said by a woman)
  • mieć – to have
    Mam – I have
    Example: Mam czas. – I have time.
  • chcieć – to want
    Chcę – I want
    Example: Chcę kawę. – I want coffee.
  • mĂłc – can / to be able to
    Mogę – I can
    Example: Mogę pomóc. – I can help.
  • iść – to go (on foot)
    Idę – I am going / I go
    Example: Idę do pracy. – I am going to work.
  • jechać – to go (by vehicle)
    Jadę – I am going (by car/bus/train)
    Example: Jadę do Warszawy. – I am going to Warsaw.

10. Everyday Nouns You Will See and Hear

These words appear in simple conversations and signs.

  • dom – house, home
    Example: Jestem w domu. – I am at home.
  • praca – work, job
    Example: Idę do pracy. – I am going to work.
  • sklep – shop, store
    Example: Sklep jest zamknięty. – The shop is closed.
  • restauracja – restaurant
    Example: To jest dobra restauracja. – This is a good restaurant.
  • dworzec – station (usually train or bus)
    Example: Gdzie jest dworzec? – Where is the station?
  • ulica – street
    Example: Mieszkam na tej ulicy. – I live on this street.
  • pokĂłj – room
    Example: To jest mój pokój. – This is my room.
  • toaleta – toilet, restroom
    Example: Gdzie jest toaleta? – Where is the toilet?

11. Simple Everyday Phrases

Combine your new vocabulary into very practical sentences.

  • Jak siÄ™ masz? – How are you? (informal)
  • Co sĹ‚ychać? – How’s it going? / What’s up?
  • W porzÄ…dku – All right / OK
    Example: Jak się masz? – W porządku. – How are you? – I’m fine.
  • MiĹ‚o mi – Nice to meet you
    Example: Cześć, jestem Anna. – Miło mi. – Hi, I’m Anna. – Nice to meet you.
  • Do widzenia – Goodbye (formal)
  • Na razie – See you / Bye for now (informal)
  • Do zobaczenia – See you
  • Powodzenia! – Good luck!
  • Smacznego! – Enjoy your meal!
  • Na zdrowie! – Bless you! / Cheers!
    (said when someone sneezes, or when drinking)

12. How to Practice These Words

To make these essential words stick, try this simple routine:

  1. Choose 10 words or phrases from this list.
  2. Write them on one side of a card in Polish, and English on the other.
  3. Say each word aloud in a short sentence, for example:
    Dziękuję, nie chcę kawy. – Thank you, I don’t want coffee.
  4. Use at least 3–5 phrases every day in real or imagined conversations.

With these essential Polish words and phrases, you can already greet people, introduce yourself, ask for help, and manage basic daily situations. As you continue, keep adding new vocabulary, but review this core set regularly so it becomes automatic.