vocabulary

Essential Portuguese Vocabulary and Phrases for Beginners (with Examples)

🇵🇹 Portuguese · for 🇺🇸 English speakers ·

Getting Started with Essential Portuguese Vocabulary

When you begin learning Portuguese, a small set of high‑frequency words and phrases will help you communicate quickly. This guide focuses on essential everyday language, with clear examples and English translations. All explanations are in English so you can focus on understanding how the Portuguese works.

1. Basic Greetings and Polite Expressions

Core greetings

Use these throughout the day. They work in both Brazil and Portugal.

  • Olá – Hello
  • Bom dia – Good morning
  • Boa tarde – Good afternoon
  • Boa noite – Good evening / Good night

Example:

Bom dia, tudo bem? – Good morning, how are you?

Being polite

  • Por favor – Please
  • Obrigado (if you are male) – Thank you
  • Obrigada (if you are female) – Thank you
  • De nada – You’re welcome
  • Com licença – Excuse me (to pass by / get attention)
  • Desculpe – Sorry / Excuse me (for an apology)

Examples:

  • Com licença, onde Ă© o banheiro? – Excuse me, where is the bathroom?
  • Desculpe, nĂŁo entendi. – Sorry, I didn’t understand.

2. Introducing Yourself and Small Talk

Names and origins

  • Eu me chamo... – My name is...
  • Meu nome Ă©... – My name is...
  • Eu sou de... – I am from...
  • Eu moro em... – I live in...

Examples:

  • Eu me chamo Ana. – My name is Ana.
  • Eu sou de Londres, mas moro em Lisboa. – I am from London, but I live in Lisbon.

Asking about others

  • Como vocĂŞ se chama? – What is your name? (Brazil, neutral)
  • Como te chamas? – What is your name? (Portugal, informal)
  • De onde vocĂŞ Ă©? – Where are you from? (Brazil)
  • De onde Ă©s? – Where are you from? (Portugal, informal)

Example dialogue:

— Olá, tudo bem?
— Tudo bem. Como você se chama?
— Eu me chamo Daniel. E você?
— Eu sou a Marta.

— Hello, how are you?
— I’m fine. What is your name?
— My name is Daniel. And you?
— I’m Marta.

Common small talk questions

  • Como vai? – How’s it going?
  • Tudo bem? – All good? / How are you?
  • Tudo Ăłtimo. – Everything is great.
  • Mais ou menos. – So-so.
  • Estou cansado / cansada. – I am tired. (male / female)

Example:

Tudo bem? – Tudo ótimo, obrigado.
How are you? – Everything’s great, thank you.

3. Numbers, Days, and Time Basics

Numbers 0–10

  • zero – zero
  • um / uma – one (masc. / fem.)
  • dois / duas – two (masc. / fem.)
  • trĂŞs – three
  • quatro – four
  • cinco – five
  • seis – six
  • sete – seven
  • oito – eight
  • nove – nine
  • dez – ten

Examples:

  • Eu quero dois cafĂ©s. – I want two coffees.
  • Tenho trĂŞs irmĂŁos. – I have three siblings.

Days of the week

  • segunda-feira – Monday
  • terça-feira – Tuesday
  • quarta-feira – Wednesday
  • quinta-feira – Thursday
  • sexta-feira – Friday
  • sábado – Saturday
  • domingo – Sunday

Often, people shorten them to segunda, terça, etc.

Example:

Nos vemos na sexta. – See you on Friday.

Time basics

  • Que horas sĂŁo? – What time is it?
  • É uma hora. – It is one o’clock.
  • SĂŁo trĂŞs horas. – It is three o’clock.
  • de manhĂŁ – in the morning
  • Ă  tarde – in the afternoon
  • Ă  noite – at night / in the evening

Example:

O trem sai às oito horas da manhã. – The train leaves at eight in the morning.

4. Essential Travel and Survival Phrases

Directions and places

  • Onde fica...? – Where is...?
  • Ă  direita – to the right
  • Ă  esquerda – to the left
  • em frente – in front / straight ahead
  • perto – near
  • longe – far

Useful place words:

  • o banheiro (Brazil) / a casa de banho (Portugal) – the bathroom
  • o hotel – the hotel
  • o aeroporto – the airport
  • a estação – the station
  • o restaurante – the restaurant

Examples:

  • Com licença, onde fica o banheiro? – Excuse me, where is the bathroom?
  • O hotel Ă© longe daqui? – Is the hotel far from here?

In a restaurant or café

  • Eu quero... – I want...
  • Eu gostaria de... – I would like...
  • o cardápio (Brazil) / a ementa (Portugal) – the menu
  • uma água – a water
  • um cafĂ© – a coffee
  • a conta, por favor. – The bill, please.

Examples:

  • Eu gostaria de um cafĂ© e um sanduĂ­che. – I would like a coffee and a sandwich.
  • VocĂŞ tem o cardápio em inglĂŞs? – Do you have the menu in English?

Shopping basics

  • Quanto custa? – How much does it cost?
  • É muito caro. – It is very expensive.
  • VocĂŞ aceita cartĂŁo? – Do you accept card?
  • Eu sĂł estou olhando. – I’m just looking.

Example:

Quanto custa esta camisa? – How much does this shirt cost?

5. Everyday Verbs and Useful Structures

Key verbs for beginners

These verbs appear everywhere. Learning their basic forms helps you build many sentences.

  • ser – to be (permanent / essential qualities)
  • estar – to be (temporary states, location)
  • ter – to have
  • querer – to want
  • ir – to go
  • fazer – to do / to make

Very common present tense forms

  • Eu sou – I am (ser)
  • VocĂŞ Ă© – You are (ser, Brazil)
  • Eu estou – I am (estar)
  • Eu tenho – I have
  • Eu quero – I want
  • Eu vou – I go / I am going

Examples:

  • Eu sou estudante. – I am a student.
  • Eu estou em casa. – I am at home.
  • Eu tenho um irmĂŁo. – I have a brother.
  • Eu quero aprender portuguĂŞs. – I want to learn Portuguese.
  • Eu vou para o trabalho Ă s nove. – I go to work at nine.

Handy patterns to reuse

Memorize these sentence patterns and swap in new vocabulary.

  1. Eu gosto de + verb / noun – I like ...
    Eu gosto de viajar. – I like to travel.
    Eu gosto de música brasileira. – I like Brazilian music.
  2. Eu preciso de + noun – I need ...
    Eu preciso de ajuda. – I need help.
  3. Eu não entendo. – I don’t understand.
    Eu não falo muito bem português. – I don’t speak Portuguese very well.

6. Clarifying, Checking, and Learning Phrases

Language-learning helpers

  • VocĂŞ fala inglĂŞs? – Do you speak English?
  • Eu falo um pouco de portuguĂŞs. – I speak a little Portuguese.
  • Pode falar mais devagar, por favor? – Can you speak more slowly, please?
  • Pode repetir, por favor? – Can you repeat, please?
  • O que isso significa? – What does this mean?
  • Como se diz ... em portuguĂŞs? – How do you say ... in Portuguese?

Examples:

  • Desculpe, nĂŁo entendo. Pode falar mais devagar? – Sorry, I don’t understand. Can you speak more slowly?
  • Como se diz “train” em portuguĂŞs? – How do you say “train” in Portuguese?

7. Useful Adjectives and Everyday Descriptions

Common adjectives

Remember that adjectives usually agree in gender and number with the noun. For beginners, focus on the basic forms.

  • bom / boa – good (masc. / fem.)
  • ruim – bad
  • grande – big
  • pequeno / pequena – small (masc. / fem.)
  • feliz – happy
  • triste – sad
  • fácil – easy
  • difĂ­cil – difficult

Examples:

  • O filme Ă© muito bom. – The movie is very good.
  • PortuguĂŞs nĂŁo Ă© fácil, mas Ă© interessante. – Portuguese is not easy, but it is interesting.

8. Simple Everyday Sentences to Practice

Here are some short, practical sentences combining the vocabulary from this guide:

  • Olá, eu sou o Marco. Eu sou do Brasil. – Hello, I am Marco. I am from Brazil.
  • Eu moro em Lisboa e trabalho em um hotel. – I live in Lisbon and I work in a hotel.
  • Hoje Ă© segunda-feira e eu estou cansado. – Today is Monday and I am tired.
  • Eu quero um cafĂ© e um copo de água, por favor. – I want a coffee and a glass of water, please.
  • Onde fica a estação de metrĂ´? – Where is the metro station?
  • NĂŁo falo muito bem portuguĂŞs, mas eu entendo um pouco. – I don’t speak Portuguese very well, but I understand a little.

How to Use This Vocabulary Effectively

To make these words and phrases part of your active Portuguese:

  • Repeat key phrases aloud every day (especially greetings and polite expressions).
  • Create mini-dialogues using Eu sou, Eu estou, Eu quero, and Eu tenho.
  • Practice real situations: ordering, asking directions, introducing yourself.
  • Write short daily sentences about your day using this vocabulary.

With these essential Portuguese words and phrases, you can start real conversations and build confidence from your very first steps in the language.