vocabulary

Essential Turkish Vocabulary and Phrases for Complete Beginners

🇹🇷 Turkish · for 🇺🇸 English speakers ·

Getting Started with Essential Turkish

When you start learning Turkish, a small set of high‑frequency words and phrases will help you communicate in many everyday situations. This guide focuses on practical, beginner‑friendly Turkish vocabulary with clear English translations and example sentences.

Pronunciation tip: Turkish is mostly phonetic. Each letter usually has one sound, and stress often falls on the last syllable of a word.

1. Basic Greetings and Polite Phrases

Core Greetings

  • Merhaba – Hello
    Merhaba, nasılsın? – Hello, how are you?
  • Selam – Hi (informal)
    Selam, ne haber? – Hi, what’s up?
  • Günaydın – Good morning
    Günaydın, nasılsınız? – Good morning, how are you? (formal/plural)
  • İyi günler – Good day / Have a nice day
    İyi günler, tekrar görüşürüz. – Have a nice day, see you again.
  • İyi akÅŸamlar – Good evening
    İyi akşamlar, hoşça kalın. – Good evening, goodbye. (you stay)
  • İyi geceler – Good night
    İyi geceler, yarın görüşürüz. – Good night, see you tomorrow.

Politeness Essentials

  • Lütfen – Please
    Bir kahve, lütfen. – A coffee, please.
  • TeÅŸekkür ederim – Thank you
    Çok teşekkür ederim. – Thank you very much.
  • TeÅŸekkürler – Thanks (shorter, more casual)
  • Rica ederim – You’re welcome
    – Teşekkürler. – Rica ederim. – – Thanks. – You’re welcome.
  • Özür dilerim – I’m sorry
    Geç kaldım, özür dilerim. – I’m late, I’m sorry.
  • Affedersiniz – Excuse me / I’m sorry (more formal, to get attention or apologize)
    Affedersiniz, tuvalet nerede? – Excuse me, where is the toilet?

2. Introducing Yourself

Names and Origins

  • Ben … – I am …
    Ben Anna. – I am Anna.
  • Benim adım … – My name is …
    Benim adım David. – My name is David.
  • Senin adın ne? – What is your name? (informal)
  • Sizin adınız ne? – What is your name? (formal / plural)
  • Memnun oldum – Nice to meet you
    Ben Ayşe. Memnun oldum. – I’m Ayşe. Nice to meet you.
  • Nerelisin? – Where are you from? (informal)
  • Nerelisiniz? – Where are you from? (formal / plural)
  • Ben İngilizim. – I am English.
    Ben Amerikalıyım. – I am American.
    Ben Almanım. – I am German.

Basic Personal Information

  • Kaç yaşındasın? – How old are you? (informal)
  • Kaç yaşındasınız? – How old are you? (formal / plural)
  • Ben yirmi beÅŸ yaşındayım. – I am twenty‑five years old.
  • Türkiye’de yaşıyorum. – I live in Turkey.
  • İstanbul’da kalıyorum. – I am staying in Istanbul.

3. Essential Question Words

Question words are extremely useful. Learn these early to build your own questions.

  • Ne? – What?
    Bu ne? – What is this?
  • Kim? – Who?
    O kim? – Who is that?
  • Nerede? – Where?
    Otobüs durağı nerede? – Where is the bus stop?
  • Ne zaman? – When?
    Ne zaman geliyorsun? – When are you coming?
  • Neden? – Why?
    Neden geç kaldın? – Why are you late?
  • Nasıl? – How?
    Nasıl gidiyor? – How is it going?
  • Hangi? – Which?
    Hangi otobüs Taksim’e gidiyor? – Which bus goes to Taksim?
  • Kaç? – How many? / How much? (countable)
    Kaç lira? – How many lira? / How much is it?

4. Numbers and Time Basics

Key Numbers (0–10)

  • sıfır – zero
  • bir – one
  • iki – two
  • üç – three
  • dört – four
  • beÅŸ – five
  • altı – six
  • yedi – seven
  • sekiz – eight
  • dokuz – nine
  • on – ten

Example:

İki kahve ve bir çay, lütfen. – Two coffees and one tea, please.

Time Expressions

  • Bugün – Today
  • Dün – Yesterday
  • Yarın – Tomorrow
  • Åžimdi – Now
  • Sonra – Later
  • Sabah – Morning
  • Öğlen – Noon
  • AkÅŸam – Evening
  • Gece – Night

Example sentences:

  • Yarın görüşürüz. – See you tomorrow.
  • Åžimdi meÅŸgulüm. – I am busy now.

5. Survival Phrases for Everyday Situations

At the Store or Market

  • Bu ne kadar? – How much is this?
  • Çok pahalı. – It’s very expensive.
  • Daha ucuz var mı? – Do you have something cheaper?
  • Sadece bakıyorum. – I’m just looking.
  • Bunu istiyorum. – I want this.
  • Kredi kartı geçerli mi? – Do you accept credit cards?

In a Restaurant or Café

  • Menü alabilir miyim? – Can I have a menu?
  • Su, lütfen. – Water, please.
  • Hesap, lütfen. – The bill, please.
  • Çok lezzetli. – It’s very delicious.
  • Ben vejetaryenim. – I am vegetarian.
  • Acısız olsun, lütfen. – Without spice, please.

Directions and Transport

  • … nerede? – Where is …?
    Metro nerede? – Where is the metro?
  • Åžuraya gitmek istiyorum. – I want to go here. (use with a map or address)
  • SaÄŸa dönün. – Turn right.
  • Sola dönün. – Turn left.
  • Düz gidin. – Go straight.
  • Burada durabilir misiniz? – Can you stop here? (to a taxi driver)

6. Expressing Needs, Likes, and Feelings

Useful Verbs

  • istemek – to want
    Bir çay istiyorum. – I want a tea.
  • sevmek – to like / love
    Türk yemeklerini seviyorum. – I like Turkish food.
  • anlamak – to understand
    Anlamıyorum. – I don’t understand.
  • bilmek – to know
    Bilmiyorum. – I don’t know.
  • gitmek – to go
    Eve gidiyorum. – I am going home.
  • gelmek – to come
    Buraya gel. – Come here. (informal)

Feelings and Simple Opinions

  • İyi – Good / Fine
    Ben iyiyim. – I am fine.
  • Yorgunum – I am tired.
  • Açım – I am hungry.
  • Susadım – I am thirsty.
  • Sıcak – Hot
    Soğuk – Cold
    Hava çok sıcak. – The weather is very hot.
  • Güzel – Beautiful / Nice
    İstanbul çok güzel. – Istanbul is very beautiful.
  • Kötü – Bad
    Kendimi kötü hissediyorum. – I feel bad.

7. Key Travel and Emergency Phrases

Language Help

  • Türkçe bilmiyorum. – I don’t know Turkish.
  • Az Türkçe biliyorum. – I know a little Turkish.
  • Daha yavaÅŸ konuÅŸur musunuz? – Could you speak more slowly?
  • Tekrar eder misiniz? – Could you repeat (it)?
  • İngilizce biliyor musunuz? – Do you know English?
  • Bu ne demek? – What does this mean?

Important Emergency Phrases

  • Yardım edin! – Help!
  • Polisi çağırın! – Call the police!
  • Ambulans çağırın! – Call an ambulance!
  • Kayboldum. – I am lost.
  • Cüzdanımı kaybettim. – I lost my wallet.

8. Everyday Connectors and Small Words

These small words make your Turkish sound more natural.

  • ve – and
    Su ve çay istiyorum. – I want water and tea.
  • ama – but
    Gelmek istiyorum ama meşgulüm. – I want to come but I am busy.
  • çünkü – because
    Gitmiyorum çünkü yorgunum. – I’m not going because I’m tired.
  • evet – yes
  • hayır – no
  • belki – maybe
  • tamam – OK / alright

9. How to Practice These Words

To remember this essential vocabulary:

  1. Make mini dialogues using 3–5 phrases, for example ordering in a café.
  2. Label objects around you with Turkish words (e.g., kapı – door, masa – table).
  3. Repeat out loud short, useful sentences every day.
  4. Use Turkish in real life whenever you meet Turkish speakers, even with very simple phrases.

With these essential Turkish words and phrases, you can already greet people, introduce yourself, order food, ask for directions, and handle many daily situations. Keep reviewing them regularly and slowly add new vocabulary on top of this strong foundation.